Tuberculosis remains a leading cause of infectious disease death worldwide, yet it is curable when treatment is completed. This fact sheet is a shareable public education resource — free to distribute, print, and reference at community events, health fairs, clinics, and schools.
These symptoms may indicate active tuberculosis. Not everyone experiences all of them, and some can develop gradually. If you or someone you know experiences these, visit the nearest healthcare provider for TB testing.
TB exists in two distinct clinical states. Understanding the difference is essential — one is contagious, one is not, but both benefit from treatment.
TB bacteria are present but inactive. You are not sick and cannot spread TB to others. However, you may still develop active disease later if untreated. Preventive treatment is highly effective and shorter than active disease treatment.
TB bacteria are multiplying and causing symptoms. You are sick and can spread TB to others through the air. Treatment lasts 6–24 months and must be completed to cure the disease and prevent drug resistance.
TB risk is shaped by biology, environment, and social conditions. If you belong to one or more of the groups below, talk to your doctor about testing.
People experiencing homelessness or unstable housing face concentrated exposure risk and treatment continuity challenges.
People living with HIV or other conditions that weaken the immune system are at substantially higher risk of progression from latent to active disease.
Chronic smokers and people with heavy alcohol use have increased risk of TB progression and treatment complications.
People born in countries where TB is common face higher lifetime risk due to earlier exposure. Screening is recommended after arrival in the U.S.
Infants, young children, and elderly adults face higher risk of severe disease due to weaker immune protection.
Close contacts of a person with active TB and healthcare workers in high-risk settings should be screened regularly per CDC guidance.
TB elimination requires more than clinical care alone. It requires structural, community-based, and surveillance-driven action — the intersection where FERI-TB works.
Community education is one of the most cost-effective TB elimination tools we have. Print copies for your clinic, community organization, or event. Share the PDF with clinicians. Post it in break rooms, waiting rooms, and community centers.
